How to Tell If a Tree Is Dormant or Dying in Winter
Winter has a way of making every tree look a little lifeless. Bare branches, dull bark, and zero growth can leave homeowners wondering whether their tree is simply resting for the season or actually in decline. The good news is that there are reliable signs that help you tell the difference, and most of them are easy to check from the ground.
Here’s how to know what’s normal winter dormancy—and what’s a red flag.
Dormant Trees Still Show Signs of Life
Even though a dormant tree looks quiet on the outside, it’s still very much alive. The key is knowing where to look.
Buds Are Present
Dormant trees form buds before winter. They may be small or tight, but they should be visible along the branches. If you see healthy buds, the tree is likely just resting.
Branches Bend Instead of Snap
Take a small twig and gently bend it.
Flexible = alive
Dry and brittle = possible dieback
A few dead twigs are normal. Entire sections snapping easily is not.
The Scratch Test
Lightly scratch a small area of bark on a twig.
Green or moist tissue underneath = alive
Brown and dry = dead wood
This test isn’t perfect, but it’s a helpful quick check.
Signs a Tree May Be Dying
If you notice any of these, it’s time to take a closer look.
No Buds Forming
A tree without buds in winter is a major warning sign. Even stressed trees usually form at least a few.
Large Sections of Brittle Branches
If most branches snap easily, the tree may be in decline or already dead.
Peeling Bark or Deep Cracks
Some species naturally shed bark, but large areas of peeling, splitting, or missing bark can indicate disease or structural failure.
Fungal Growth at the Base
Mushrooms or conks growing around the trunk often signal internal decay.
Leaning or Soil Movement
If the tree suddenly leans or the soil around the base looks lifted, the root system may be compromised.
When to Call a Certified Arborist
Winter is actually one of the best times to evaluate tree health. With the leaves gone, structural issues and deadwood are easier to spot. A certified arborist can determine whether your tree is simply dormant, stressed, or in decline—and recommend the safest next steps.
